Real-world Electric Bus Operation: Trend in Technology, Performance, Degradation, and Lifespan of Batteries

Electrifying buses is key to cleaner public transport, but challenges like high upfront costs, weak supply chains, and limited charging networks slow progress. A major concern is battery aging—shaped by heat, charging habits, and usage—which affects both performance and economics. This paper explores how battery degradation impacts e-buses and outlines strategies to extend battery life for sustainable adoption in India.